Run time : 1 hour and 16 minutes. Their contacts were indirect through the Indians tribes that they traded with on the eastern border of the Great Plains. Production and distribution (4) Co-production : Blue Dahlia Production Film exports/foreign sales : Sogepaq SA Foreign production companies : Tornasol Films, Road Movies Dritte Produktionen, AVH San Luis, Kompel Producciones French distribution : Cin Classic TV Broadcasts: Cumulative total TV broadcasts: details by country Full credits (9) Tribal enrollment in the 21st century numbered 15,191, with 7,763 members residing in the Lawton-Fort Sill and surrounding areas of southwest Oklahoma. By THOMAS F. BRADY Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.9 Aug 1949: 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comanche_Territory_(1950_film)&oldid=1132593382, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 16:41. The Santa F and Overland trails were closed, and virtually every plains tribe was at war with the United States. Comanche Territory is a 1950 American Western film directed by George Sherman and starring Maureen O'Hara and Macdonald Carey. Katie falls in love with Bowie and turns honest, but it may be too late to prevent another Indian war. Co-producers, Ulrich Felsberg, Gerard Jourd'hui, Christophe Jounent, Jose Ramon Ganchegui, Antonia Nava . In August, groups of Penateka were peacefully drawing rations at the Wichita agency when soldiers stationed at the agency demanded they surrender their weapons. Jim Bowie is sent into Comanche country on a mission to allow the government to mine silver on the Indian's land. In 1864 Col. Christopher (Kit) Carson led U.S. forces in an unsuccessful campaign against the Comanche. Estimates of the Comanche's total population in 1780, when they were most numerous, are usually around 20,000, although one estimate numbers them at 40,000. The county and the county seat of Lawton were created on that day. Historically, the Comanche Nation spread across much of Texas and neighboring areas. Much of . It is based on the homonymous novel by Arturo Prez-Reverte, based on their own experiencies as war correspondent at Sarajevo during the early stages of the siege. The Cheyenne and Arapaho were allowed to live in Comancheria and, as customary, the peace makers exchanged gifts. On October 18, 1865, the Comanche, Kiowa, and Kiowa-Apache met with representatives of the United States to sign a new treaty at the mouth of the Little Arkansas River at present-day Wichita, Kansas. Report on the Council House Fight, March 20, 1840, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comanche_history&oldid=1141892155, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 11:33. Additional money was appropriated for more gifts, but once again, a boundary line was never established. In the years following, they would exact their revenge by serving as army scouts against the Comanches. In 1822 the Mexicans made a grand effort to reduce the Comanche threat by inviting a delegation of Comanche leaders to Mexico City and signing a treaty "between the Mexican Empire and the Comanche Nation" that granted many trading privileges to the Comanche. She didn't have the same kind of chemistry with her leading man in this one (Macdonald Carey) as she had with other actors (Melvyn Douglas, Henry Fonda, James Stewart, Brian Keith and an actor you may have heard of before John Wayne! (In 1822, the Mexican government estimated that the Comanche had 2,500 captives among their numbers, and that was not counting a sizeable number of persons who had voluntarily joined the tribe. They moved south in successive stages, attacking and displacing other tribes, notably the Apache, whom they drove from the southern Plains. A few Comanche sent their children to Spanish schools. Miles' column made the first contact and defeated a group of Cheyenne near McClellan Creek. The Osage had ready access to French products, including guns. The route became known as the Comanche Trail. By 1879, the buffalo were gone. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Comanches kept their promise for safe passage on the Santa Fe Trail, but remained angry about events in Texas where white settlers continued to encroach deeper and deeper into Comancheria and the Texas Rangers were still attacking them. Meanwhile, the army in Texas was trying to deal with the raids from the reservation and massive thefts of Texas cattle by the Kwahada for sale to New Mexico Comancheros. The population of Native Americans in Texas, including the Comanche, was estimated at 14,000 (possibly an underestimate). His Jicarilla and Ute scouts located their camps on November 24. At the request of the Secretary of the Interior, Texas Governor Edmund J. Davis paroled the Kiowa chiefs in October after they had served only two years on the condition that the raiding stop. 500,000 acres of Comanche land was held back, but it was leased to white ranchers in 1906. A third challenge to the Comanche were the French and their Indian allies on the eastern border of the Great Plains. the Comanche bands used their equestrian skills in raiding and hunting. The Spanish extended their settlements eastward onto the Great Plains and the population of New Mexico increased. Apache, North American Indians who, under such leaders as Cochise, Mangas Coloradas, Geronimo, and Victorio, figured largely in the history of the Southwest during the latter half of the 19th century. The Comanche disdained the Tonkawa for their prior service as scouts with the Texas Rangers; but the Texas Comanches had a special hatred for the Tonkawa ever since they had killed and eaten the brother of one of their chiefs. The problem was not settled until after the Civil War. Carapella has designed maps of Canada and the continental U.S.. In northern Kansas and Nebraska, the Comanche were sporadically at war with the Pawnee, another powerful tribe allied with the French. [32][33] The French were gone after 1803 when they sold Louisiana to the United States. The Comanche and their allies, the Kiowa and other tribes, raided hundreds of miles south of the border, killing thousands of people and stealing hundreds of thousands of head of livestock, much of which they sold to Anglo-Americans in the United States. The tribute extended to the Comanche dried up as the new and disorganized country of Mexico had few resources to devote to its remote provinces. For the Comanches, Cheyenne, and Kiowa, the major blow occurred when Mackenzie located a mixed camp hidden in Palo Duro Canyon (September 2627). Executive producer, Mariela Besuievsky. Los Angeles Times 12 Aug 1949: A7. Cholera returned in 1867. Comanche, self-name Nermernuh, North American Indian tribe of equestrian nomads whose 18th- and 19th-century territory comprised the southern Great Plains. Captives taken by the Comanche at a young age however were usually assimilated into Comanche society as members of the tribe. Schallert, Edwin. | Group includes six photographs taken by William Soule of Kiowa Indians which include Lone Wolf, Trailing-the-Enemy sitting with a woman, Standing Sweat-house, White Bear, and Kicking Bird, and. The hostility of the Osage forced the Wichita, trading partners and allies of the Comanche, to move southward to the Red River Valley of Oklahoma and Texas from northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas about 1750. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Comanche-people, Oklahoma Historical Society - The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Comanche, Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Comanche Indian, NPR - The Rise And Fall Of The Comanche 'Empire', Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society - Comanche, Comanche - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Comanche - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "Great Warrior" Sherman was conducting an inspection tour of western posts, when a Kiowa war party noticed his lone ambulance and small escort. The map includes military trails and posts (abandoned and occupied). [36], The peace with the Spanish in Texas suffered stains after 1795 and in New Mexico when the Mexican War of Independence began in 1810, although the Comanche continued to trade with the Spanish. [23] As mentioned above that agreement led to a similar agreement between the Spanish of New Mexico and the western Comanche in 1786. After a starvation winter, most of the Comanches and Kiowa at Fort Cobb chose to return to the plains in the summer of 1868. [24] In 1720, the Spanish sent out a military expedition to expel French traders from the plains, but most of the members of the Villasur expedition were killed by the Pawnee in Nebraska. An 1828 estimate claimed 900 captives among the Comanches.) The campaign ended with an attack on a Comanche village at McClellan Creek (September, 1872). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Upon the failure of the United States to abide by the terms of the treaty, hostilities resumed until 1867, when, in agreements made at Medicine Lodge Creek in Kansas, the Comanche, Kiowa, and Kiowa Apache undertook to settle on a reservation in Oklahoma. Thanks to their hunting skills, they continued to trade prized buffalo and elk hides with the French . Because of an outbreak of cholera in their camps, the Kwahada neither attended the conference nor signed the treaty. Tue, 02/07/2023 - 12:31pm. In 1836, a 9-year-old pioneer girl named Cynthia Ann Parker was kidnapped during a Comanche raid in North Texas. After two meetings at Pecos and another in a Comanche camp early in 1786, De Anza sent a signed treaty to Mexico City in July. Comanche Territory (1950) directed by George Sherman Reviews, film + cast Letterboxd Comanche Territory 1950 Directed by George Sherman Synopsis The wild, wanton fury of 1000 howling savages! The former people displeased the Great Spirit, and a fresh start was needed. After Texas Indian agents had taken over administration of the Wichita Agency in Oklahoma, Comanches participated in an attack on the agency (October, 1862) by pro-Union Delaware and Shawnee from Kansas. Originally part of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, the area was opened to non-Indian settlement by lottery on August 6, 1901. Mackenzie captured 130 women and children and held them hostage at Fort Concho. The American agent took it upon himself to distribute $9,000 in gifts to the Comanches and Kiowa, and in 1853 the Kiowa and Yamparika signed their own treaty at Fort Atkinson. In October, 1871 a raid led by Quanah Parker stole seventy horses from the army at Rock Station. The tribe was exceptional horsemen and dominated the southern plains of the United States. Production Facilities Expansion We will serve the Southwest Territory with production facilities located in Azle, Texas, Quemado, New Mexico, and a distribution center located in Scottsdale, Arizona. Los Angeles Times11 Aug 1949: 23. [26][27] The French brokered a peace agreement between the Wichita and the Comanche in 1746. During the spring of 1859, a mob of 250 settlers attacked the reservation, but were repulsed. For many Native Americans in the West Comanche markets were the main source for the goods of European America, while for European America they were a source of such goods as buffalo robes,. [20] In 1758 a large band of Norteos, including Comanches, sacked the San Saba Mission, established by the Spanish to advance northward from San Antonio and to make Christians of the Lipan. Part of the Comanche Trail in Palo Duro Canyon in west Texas. Albert Pike, the newly appointed Indian Agent for the Confederate States of America, signed two treaties with Comanches in August, 1861; one with the Penateka, and a second with the Nokoni, Yamparika, Tenawa, and Kotsoteka. [34] Texas had a Spanish population of perhaps 5,000. By the early 1800s the Comanche were very powerful, with a population estimated at from 7,000 to as many as 30,000 individuals. The Spanish and Lipan had initially been at war with each other but in 1749 they made peace in common accord to resist the Comanche threat. 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