Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. Abebe - Origin: Ethiopian. [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. Two German African colonies were occupied, either by South Africa alone or with significant South African assistance. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. [24] The free burghers were ex-VOC soldiers and gardeners, who were unable to return to Holland when their contracts were completed with the VOC. In addition to being a standalone name, Ade is also a diminutive form of other names that begin with Ade. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. 3. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. 30. [143], General Jan Smuts was the only important non-British general whose advice was constantly sought by Britain's war-time Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Under the leadership of a former slave named Adam Kok, these "coloureds" or Basters (meaning mixed race or multiracial) as they were named by the Dutcha word derived from baster, meaning "bastard"[68]started trekking northward into the interior, through what is today named Northern Cape Province. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. [134] The South African government issued no war service medal to the black servicemen and the special medal issued by King George V to "native troops" that served the Empire, the British War Medal in bronze, was disallowed and not issued to the SANLC. 27. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). He eventually surrendered to a combined deputation of Boer and British forces on 2 December 1879. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. Others said it was not relevant to the struggle for their rights. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. Waterboer, fearing conflict with the Boer republic of Orange Free State, subsequently asked for and received British protection. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. [citation needed] [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. 2. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. One of our 3 capital cities is also . The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. Meaning "lynx" in English. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. Yet resistance by Boer bittereinders (meaning those who would fight to the bitter end) continued for two more years with guerrilla warfare, which the British met in turn with scorched earth tactics. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. [239] The government owned power utility Eskom has been plagued with corruption and mismanagement, most notability during the presidency of Jacob Zuma, which has limited its ability to resolve the crisis. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for South African, Browse profiles of historical people with the South African last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. 3. The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. The Battle of Delville Wood and the sinking of the SS Mendi being the greatest single incidents of loss of life. [110], Of the leading 25 foreign industrialists who were instrumental in opening up deep level mining operations at the Witwatersrand gold fields, 15 were Jewish, 11 of the total were from Germany or Austria, and nine of that latter category were also Jewish. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. (2014). [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. Hetherington, Penelope. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. Britain's eventual defeat of the Zulus, marking the end of the Zulu nation's independence, was accomplished with the assistance of Zulu collaborators who harboured cultural and political resentments against centralised Zulu authority. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. This act augmented the Native Land Act of 1913 through the establishment of so-called "homelands" or "reserves". [112], The working environment of the mines, meanwhile, as one historian has described it, was "dangerous, brutal and onerous", and therefore unpopular among local black Africans. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. It is a Dutch/Flemish variant on the word Lowe, meaning Lion. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. The first KhoikhoiDutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 16741677. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. [70], In 1825, a faction of the Griqua people was induced by Dr John Philip, superintendent of the London Missionary Society in Southern Africa, to relocate to a place called Philippolis, a mission station for the San, several hundred miles southeast of Griqualand. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). [19] Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. Meaning: 'Flower' or 'blossom.' 4. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. [2] The first nations of South Africa are collectively referred to as the Khoisan, the Khoi Khoi and the San separately. Cattle rustling ensued and a party of Boers under the leadership of Piet Retief were killed. Afumba Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Cattle rustling and livestock theft ensued, with the Khoikhoi being ultimately expelled from the peninsula by force, after a succession of wars. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. Mafanela South African. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. du Toit is an Afrikaans surname of French origin, originally from Franois du Toit, a Huguenot who moved to South Africa in 1686. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. [65], By 1893, when the lawyer and social activist Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Durban, Indians outnumbered whites in Natal. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Pretorius Southern African, Afrikaans From Latin praetor meaning "leader". Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. British policy with regard to South Africa would vacillate with successive governments, but the overarching imperative throughout the 19th century was to protect the strategic trade route to India while incurring as little expense as possible within the colony. 21,000 of them were deployed to France as stevedores at French ports, where they were housed in segregated compounds. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. 4. It replaced the flag that had been used since 1928, and was chosen to represent multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in the country's new, post-apartheid democratic society. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. [169] Lesotho, South Africa Kolobe Wild Hog Free State Bagananwa/Bahananwa Sesotho sa Leboa: South Africa Tshwene Baboon Bahurutshe, Limpopo Bahlakoana Sesotho Lesotho, South Africa Free State, Koena, families descending from Disema and Molapo, second and third born sons of Napo a Koena. [88] War broke out again in 1865. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). [251] As of 18 July, over 3,400 people had been arrested, while as of 22 July, 337 people had died in connection with the unrest.[252]. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. "Women in South Africa: the historiography in English.". Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African [164] By mid-1987 the Human Rights Commission knew of at least 140 political assassinations in the country, while about 200 people died at the hands of South African agents in neighbouring states. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. Great Britain. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the South African surname lived. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. [186] On 23 August 1981 South African troops again launched an incursion into Angola with collaboration and encouragement provided by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. 25,000 Black South Africans were recruited at the request of the British War Cabinet to serve as non-combatant labourers in the South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC). Meaning: Spirit. (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. South Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to any other country in the world, with 5,600,000 people afflicted by the disease and 270,000 HIV-related deaths were recorded in 2011. 65 ], in south african surname origins mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of and... 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