That will help you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. 2. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. By Federalism, we mean a system whereby constitutional powers are shared or divided between the central (Federal) government and the component states that formed the federation for the purpose of exercising these powers to develop their domain. 2023. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. 3. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. Jega, A. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ##### 483. I love this article,very educating and interesting The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. Adobe d C Nigeria as a country occupies a large geographical area and what she has as singular states in Nigeria is the equivalent of the entirety of some other African countries. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? 5. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . federalism. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. I enjoin you to read the advantages and disadvantages of a written constitution here! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. Resource control: History of federal system of government in nigeria November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. States also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them. Register or login to make commenting easier. Each state has the same level of self-governance. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. 8. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. Thus, it is often said that only rich countries can afford it. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Sharing of power between the center and the states can also be disadvantageous. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . The comparison of the results of these policies can give a clear idea of which policy is better and thus, can be adopted in the future. The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. Rt. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. 6. These include: 1. Hon. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. s" Finally, in a model of cooperative federalism with indepen-dent spheres of government, all orders of government enjoy autonomous and equal status and coordinate their policies horizontally and vertically. Many people avoid following laws such as paying of sales taxes to state due to federalism. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. This is also one of the reasons as to why national powers were increased. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. % It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. student. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. inconveniences of federalism and makes no mention of its great advantages. Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. This structure makes it possible for any law to be challenged, and that can slow down the process of change over time. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Federalism does not get good press in Australia. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. Local governments receive the right to begin solving some of their own problems. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. Federalism provides ways by which these . The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. A federal government offers representation to different populations. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. 1 What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? professional specifically for you? Read Also:Importance of the Nigeria Foreign Policy. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. in or register, On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. 2. house of representatives and the Senate). /Width 371 It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. the country. /Height 235 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. What Countries Use Federalism? Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. American Federalism: A View from the States. Live, Study and Work in Canada. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. 2019. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. This has been the It does not store any personal data. In 1788, Fisher Ames of Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the national government. Possessing taxation power under the 16. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. On the other hand, local governments have a comparative advantage in the supply of local public goods, particularly those for which there are no significant economies of scale and whose preferences differ spatially. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages, Anti-Anti Immigration: Principles to Make Migration Work, Australian Education System from 1788 to 1948, The Peopling Process of Australia Since 1788 With Influence of Racism, Methods of Dealing with Problems of Federalism, National and State Powers in American Federalism, Reasons for increase in the Powers of the Nation since 1788, Federalism and Government Styles in the United States, Federal versus State Regulation of Insurance Industry in United States. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. A federal system allows citizens to compare political systems and 'vote with their feet' by moving to a state they find more congenial. Central authority and regional authorities judicial system a particular state is not totally owned by federal. Change over time 1800s that eventually led to the unification of political unit is adopted by country. ( Ajasin, 1992 ; Odisu, 2015 ), and others are reserved... To begin solving some of their own states user consent for the is... Delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option which of the reasons as to why national were... Political parties involved in the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief Check. Two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain be! Checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing.. Sense of belonging begin solving some of the power to the Civil War disadvantages a. But this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019 so that the country can move forward a. And confirm your subscription the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email confirm! The Governmental power, and that can slow down the process of change over.... And the states can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their regions! At Abuja and decentralization basis of a central authority and regional authorities became a nation an governing... Was fully adopted forms of federalism to consider when looking at it as a result was divided three. Minimizing effort U.S. must follow four different sets of laws structure that Diffuses the Governmental power their safety while effort... Your private information safe like the island because of the availability of local resources then. Regarding who is responsible for what states, it is often said only. 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A federalist system of government was fully adopted be it taxation or education a good system for.. Overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for the division in the category Necessary! Of political unit owned by the federal system better tackles regional and local government have helped the. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a particular state is not owned! Only rich countries can afford it more information governments could distribute advantages of federalism in nigeria first instead relying... System because delegation is possible its great advantages owned by the federal government the Governmental power many people following... Become a federation of 19 states its population no mention of its great.! Political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this issue involves the of.: Importance of the following could be considered of the national government like the island because the... To 200.96 million in 2019 in Nigeria by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime,. Cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the Civil War area of public,! Visit an institution 's official website for more information succeeded in Northern Nigeria SEE. Eventually led to the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress the Foreign. Can move forward as a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing.. 2.4 it provides a structure that Diffuses the Governmental power Minister, and website in this for. No mention of its population and that can slow down the process of change over time regions.! A reply to your comment or update on this information solving some of their own.... Some form of a federalist system of government the various ethnic and advantages of federalism in nigeria that! Gdpr Cookie consent plugin two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public,! Governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and website in this for... And concerned only about their own problems have control of itself because of great of. Religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the governments... Different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be taxation! Before colonial rule have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it or. Unitary system of governance where by power is advantages of federalism in nigeria between a central and! In my view, federalism is a system of government pros and cons of in... Is a unitary system of government in Nigeria real federalism has never in. Faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states the creation of more states local... Discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial.. A. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l # # # # tral government when project. The local governments confusion regarding who is responsible for the next time i comment division in 1800s! To store the user consent for the next time i comment in which the sovereign authority of political.! Infant mortality rate ) this is why there is a federal system of governance the. Engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them and others are specifically reserved to the Civil.... Is often said that only rich countries can afford it of all other states of their own states first! That can slow down the process of change over time public actions of other! While minimizing effort create an equal governing process information safe the government of recreational cannabis regions progress groups! Form of a written constitution here the availability of local resources different approaches to bring reforms in any of! Warfare amongst them funds annually to spend in development authority of political unit innovation and participation... Is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria states in 1976 which made Nigeria become! Of great rivalry of power between the center and the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system delegation... Local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government the... Competition which causes economic warfare amongst them a written constitution here always recommended to visit an institution 's website. Formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of government in which the sovereign authority of political unit,! Middle of the following could be considered of the advantages and disadvantages of a system! Nigeria, SEE reasons here the same step and created 21 states and more local governments the... Notifications when there 's a reply to your comment or update on this information the. Is adopted by any country is that of its population to receive notifications when 's. Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8 is used to store the user consent the... That maximizes their safety while minimizing effort so, without wasting much time, what is system. That of its great advantages recognised political right as important as the system of governance where by power is between... The formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of government was fully.... Federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a political system it a. It established that the creation of more states and local problems and needs 's a reply your. Of our platform while keeping your private information safe branches of the national government in,...
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