Share Them by March 3. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a few miles northeast of Denver, was originally constructed and operated by the Chemical Corps of the United States Army. 2004After the EPA certifies that cleanup actions are complete, the U.S. Department of Defense transfers 5,000 acres of RMA land to the U.S. Department of the Interior to officially establish the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. This legacy, they say, requires restrictions on where visitors can go and obligates the government to monitor the sites for perhaps centuries. Legislators quickly moved from beneath chandeliers in the Denver Capitol Building, fearing they might fall. Some waste disposal pits presented short-term hazards sufficient to preclude their excavation. At Commerce City merchandise fell in several supermarkets and walls cracked in larger buildings. Several were felt, but none caused damage until the window breaker that surprised Dupont and Irondale on the night of December 4. The end result was approximately 165 million gallons of Basin F liquid waste being injected into the well during the period from 1962 through 1966. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was created out of farmland on the eastern edge of metro Denver during World War II to arm the U.S. Army. How? A monitoring program was developed to monitor the success of exposure prevention efforts during the environmental cleanup at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Many projects have attempted to clean contaminated groundwater at the Arsenal. The timeline below highlights important milestones from each decade. The program consisted of four tests between September 3 and October 26. In summary, there is no current evidence of health effects. Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park -- again, Family gets unexpected bill after Kaiser Permanente Colorado software error that resulted in refunds to thousands, Skygazers will have a great view Wednesday of two planets that look like they are almost touching. Further, in 1961, the Army constructed a 12,000-foot deep injection well for the disposal of wastes. Last week, on December 8, 2015, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal rounded up the bison herd to gather animals that had been selected for donation to the Crane Trust--a bison conservation . Keeping our congressional leaders . The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has been transformed from a 17,000+ acre facility used for weapons and chemical manufacturing into a beautiful nature sanctuary. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. Other demographics of the mother were gathered as well. The facility was built in 1942, in response to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Last Conditions Report for Rocky Mountain Arsenal: 11.15.21. But the cost of the conversions is staggering, and some critics say the sites have not been scrubbed well enough of pollutants to make them safe for humans. Critics sayRocky Mountain Arsenalin Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. [12] Though the cleanup of the site was considered complete in 2010, soil and groundwater monitoring practices occur every five years to ensure the effects of the clean-up remain. Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Photo source:CBS Denver Since 1985, the mission at RMA has been the remediation of the site. OVERVIEW - Just 10 miles northeast of Denver, Colorado lies one of the largest urban wildlife refuges in the country, an area that only 30 years ago was listed on the Superfund National Priorities List due to being contaminated by over 600 chemicals. The Army is still struggling with cleaning up Jefferson Proving Ground in southeastern Indiana, part of which becameBig Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. A small herd of wild bison was introduced to the refuge in March 2007 as part of the USFWS Bison Project. Although the U.S. Army and Shell used accepted disposal practices of the time, decades of chemical and agricultural production led to contamination of some of the soil, structures and groundwater. For testing purposes, the well was injected with approximately 568,000 US gallons (2150 m) of city water prior to injecting any waste. [1], The environmental movement began in the United States in the 1960-1970s. An acoustical ceiling and light fixtures fell at one school. 1987The EPA places the RMA on the National Priorities (or Superfund) List. 1973The Vietnam Conflict ends, and demilitarization becomes the primary focus of the RMA. 1947The U.S. Army places the RMA on standby status and leases some facilities to private industry. Despite yesterday's earthquake that hit the Trinidad region, "Colorado is considered a region of minor earthquake activity," according to the U.S. Geological Survey. This led the State of Colorado to take legal action over who has legal authority over RMA remediation efforts, payment of natural resource damages (NRDs), and reimbursement of costs expended for cleanup activities (response costs). Fish and Wildlife Service, bringing the total to 15,000 acres (61km2). The U.S. Army has begun removing Building 130, which is located northeast of the Refuge Visitors Center. More recently, it has been used as a storage facility for excess office furniture and equipment. Rocky Mountain Arsenal on FishExplorer has 222 historic conditions reports, 90 historic water temperature updates, 120 historic status updates, 138 historic water level updates, available to subscribers. There is an 11-mile motor tour that takes you through the preserve. [20] In the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal, total indirect cost was not estimated at all. Many mammals and birds were found dead and may have suffered lower reproduction rates or birth defects.[11]. To read the report, click here. The Energy Department told the state it has no current plans to change the classification. 6:54AM. [13], As part of the clean up of the RMA, much of the soil, up to 10 feet below the surface was removed from the site. Additionally, studies performed at Colorado State University found no increased risk of Arsenic, Mercury, or neurotoxicity in communities within 15 miles of the RMA.[16][17]. The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. But forty years ago, a series of quakes rocked the Denver area -- quakes caused not by Mother Nature, but by Uncle Sam. Damage on a lesser scale occurred throughout the area. PDF Jun 1, 2022 Laws, rules, and regulations General Fishing Laws Depleted uranium fragments are scattered on the firing range among 1.5 million rounds of unexploded shells, which makes cleanup dangerous and expensive. As production declined at wars end, the U.S. Army leased some of the facilities to private companies, one of which Shell Oil Co. purchased, for the production of agricultural chemicals. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS One monitoring project has demonstrated incremental improvements over time, and specifically measured 640 parts per billion (ppb) in 1987 and 55 ppb in 1989, while a different off-post monitoring well measured 138 ppb in 1985, 105 ppb in 1987, 14 ppb in 1988, and 6.7 ppb in 1989. 1989The U.S. Boulder sustained minor damage to walls and acoustical tile ceilings on April 27, 1967, as result of a magnitude 4.4 earthquake. To learn more and view artifacts from each period, visit the Refuge Visitor Center. Contaminated ground water was first discovered to have migrated off of the Arsenal in the mid-1950s when crop damage and affected livestock was noted on farms north of the Arsenal. Some parts of the refuge have been deemed safe but visitors must watch a safety video and sign a waiver promising not to sue if theyre injured by an exploding shell. Join the Westword community and help support Congruent with the outline of the June 1996 USFWS Comprehensive Management Plan, RMA will be available for public use through both community outreach and educational programs (as provided by the Visitor Access Plan and the USFWS). Since then, the US Army started to operate the site. The final step was adding Bentonite, a heavy clay mud that later solidified, to close the rest of the hole up to the ground surface. This public availability will be implemented while simultaneously supporting the remediation effort and the USFWS activities. If you have additional questions, please call 303.289.0300. [8][9] The well remained unused until 1985 when the Army permanently sealed the disposal well. State health officials are asking the federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the north and northwest boundaries of the trenches. Just watch where you step. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment established monitoring systems throughout various locations of the RMA. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. independent local journalism in Denver. As cleanup progressed, the Army transferredmost of the land to the U.S. During the cleanup of the RMA, concern for air pollution from the hazardous materials was raised. The Army and Shell operated Basin F, a hazardous waste surface impoundment for the storage and treatment of liquid and solid hazardous wastes, but the facility leaked wastes into the environment after waste disposal ended in 1981, the lawsuit says. Photos source: US Fish and Wildlife Service Most handled conventional weapons, not nuclear or chemical. RMA is also one of the few sites that had a stockpile of Sarin gas (aka nerve agent GB), an organophosphorus compound. Many residents reported it was the strongest earthquake they had ever experienced. Annual Highlights from Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Rocky Mountain Arsenal has recently published its annual community report. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was created out of farmland on the eastern edge of metro Denver during World War II to arm the U.S. Army. 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80246, Colorado Health Information Data Set (CoHID), Office of Public Health Practice, Planning, and Local Partnerships (OPHP), Air Quality - Monitoring, Modeling and Data. Brighton is 6 miles north, and Barr Lake State Park is about 5 miles northeast. Further testing revealed that the containment issue is an ongoing problem, the lawsuit says. The well remained unused for nearly 20 years. There is no appropriate standard by the EPA, but the state of Colorado has a standard treatment protocol for this chemical. Both those cases are pending in federal court. Rocket fuel was blended on-site for the Titan and Delta missile operations. Safety concerns for neighboring residents, Economic impact of contamination and clean up, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 15:23, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, "The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge: On a Rocky Road to Creating a Community Asset", "Remediation Management of Complex Sites, Case Study 6.4 Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado", "A Brief History of Rocky Mountain Arsenal", "Remediation of Groundwater Contamination at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal: Numerical and Geostatistical Analysis", "Colorado Sues Government Over Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site", "Rocky Mountain Arsenal Oversight Program FAQs", Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Adams County, CO, Rocky Mountain Arsenal Archive: A collection of primary, historical documents, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Arsenal&oldid=1139926896, North boundary groundwater treatment system (197982) $4.3 million, Irondale groundwater treatment system by Shell (1981) $1.1 million, Basin F liquid evaporation and contaminated sewer removal (1982) $1.5 million, Northwest boundary groundwater treatment system (1984) $5.5 million, Removal of 76,000 drums of waste salts (1986) $10.5 million, Treatment in the public water supply and The Klein Water Treatment Facility supplies safe drinking water to 30,000 south Adams County residents (1989) $23.1 million, Removal and containment of 10.5M gallons of Basin F liquids and 564,000 cubic yards of sludges (1989) $42 million, Improvements and modifications to North boundary system (19901) $2.75 million, Basin F groundwater intercept system (1990) $0.7 million, Basin A neck groundwater treatment system (1990) $3.1 million, Northwest Boundary System Improvement (1991) $1.4 million, Rail classification yard and motor pool ground water (1991) $3.0 million, South tank farm plume (1991) $0.5 million, Reapplication of windblown dust control (1991) $0.25 million, Groundwater treatment system to the north (19923) $8.7 million, Building 1727 sump cleanup (1993) $0.18 million, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 15:23. U.S. Located just north of Denver, in Commerce City and close to the Stapleton Airport, the U.S. Army purchased 20,000 acres (81km2). The animals were transferred from the National Bison Range in Montana. Eating fish and game from the refuge is forbidden. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. The Denver series was forgotten, however temporarily, in October 1966, when a southeast Colorado tremor rocked a 15,000 square-mile area of that State and bordering New Mexico. Please click here to see any active alerts. Photo source: Dave Showalter Trace amounts of the chemical 1,4-dioxane has been found in some samples of drinking water. The primary contaminants include organochloride pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, carbamate insecticides, organic solvents and feedstock chemicals used as raw products or intermediates in the manufacturing process (e.g., chlorinated benzenes), heavy metals, chemical warfare material and their related breakdown products and biological warfare agent such as TX. [3] After the bald eagles were captured, tested, and found to be healthy, the National Wildlife Federation worked with policymakers to transition RMA to a wildlife refuge. An official website of the United States government. After a $2.1 billion cleanup, the site was reborn as Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, with 24 square miles of idyllic prairie where visitors can take scenic drives or hikes. (9 of 9). Another group asked the courts to release documents from a 27-year-old criminal investigation into the weapons plant, hoping they will show whether the government tracked down and cleaned up all the contamination. Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak contaminants into groundwater, Colorado health department lawsuit says Contaminants include organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals and solvents. Statistically significant findings (p<0.01) of this study included demographic differences in the mothers as follows: median age 24, compared to 27 years of age in Colorado as a whole, higher percent of mothers who were white/Hispanic and black, mean education level of 11.8 years compared to 13.1 years in Colorado as a whole, fewer mothers who were married, and fewer prenatal visits on average. [citation needed] Extremely loud, explosivelike earth noises were heard. In 1982, all production at the site stopped, and the Arsenals mission changed to environmental cleanup and restoration. Theoretically, if the Earth still exists in the year 3000, theyll still be monitoring groundwater at the arsenal, he said. After a $2.1 billion cleanup, the site was reborn as Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, with 24 square miles (61 square kilometers) of idyllic prairie where visitors can take scenic drives or hikes. Rated magnitude 1.5, it was not strong enough to be felt by area residents. Organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals, agent degradation products and manufacturing by-products, and chlorinated and aromatic solvents are getting into groundwater in unsafe levels, it says. As provided by CERCLA, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) was conducted to determine the extent of contamination. Three criteria were es Another strong shock rumbled through the Denver area on November 14, 1966, causing some damage at Commerce City and Eastlake. Estimating exact direct and indirect impact of the contamination is very challenging as the cleaning and monitoring costs are complex. August 24, 2011 The history of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge stretches back more than 60 years. It was felt at Laramie, Wyoming, to the northwest, east to Goodland, Kansas, and south to Pueblo, Colorado. The Army needs to find a way to clean up the depleted uranium safely.. But parts of the refuge remain off-limits, including specially designed landfills where the Army disposed of contaminated soil. Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Get to know all 17 Denver mayor candidates , Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak contaminants into groundwater, Colorado health department lawsuit says, Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park again. The location was ideal, not only because of the proximity to the airport, but because of the geographic features of the site, it was less likely to be attacked. Also, they noted that if all groundwater were to be cleared for human consumption, the cost would be $500 million annually. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Act was passed in October 1992 and signed by President George H. W. Bush. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, located ten minutes outside of downtown Denver, Colorado, offers one of the most unique urban wildlife refuges in the country. The shock shuffled furniture around in homes, and left electrical wall outlets hanging by their wires at Irondale. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet, with the remaining 70 feet left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. Several reported basement floors separated from walls. Through events, communications, advocacy and fundraising, we support the refuges in. The Off-Post Record of Decision was finalized in December 1995 and its requirements consist of actions for off-site groundwater and soil. The site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL), a list of the most contaminated areas in the United States. After the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, the U.S. Army began looking for land to create a chemical manufacturing center. Additional cement barriers were placed inside the casing across zones that could access water-bearing formations (aquifers). In 1984, the Army began a systematic investigation of site contamination in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly referred to as Superfund. Treatment plants remove contaminants from groundwater to keep them out of domestic wells. North of the former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County. The U.S. Army selected 17,000 acres of farm land just 10 miles northeast of Denver in Commerce City, Colorado, as the site of the new Arsenal. An official website of the United States government, Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. In 1996, after a lengthy process in which site investigations were conducted and completed, an approach to remedy the chemical contamination at the Arsenal was set forth by the US Army. The Army discontinued use of the well in Feb. 1966 because of the possibility that the fluid injection was triggering earthquakes in the area. EPA and the State concurred with the approach. Then a year and half after the Rocky Mountain Arsenal waste dumping practice stopped, the strongest and most widely felt shock in Denver's history struck that area on August 9, 1967, at 6:25 in the morning. 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