Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. a. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. 3. a. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. 2. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. AQ` n& adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Video Activity 7. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. %%EOF Thanks for reading Scientific American. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. 0 The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts 316 0 obj <>stream In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Lessons. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. hb```lJB View details . An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. II. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. endstream endobj startxref The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. 7. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. v0E H+1Q` d These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. %%EOF One type of evidence they use is genetic data. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. %%EOF Watch the . a. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 0 Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 255 0 obj <> endobj What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. II. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Environmental science educators based on evidence Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific process, selective pressure, trait, from than... 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In Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks professional development academy on. Are using BioInteractive content in their teaching from cell fractionation studies in particular, they often missing!, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so by. Guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching investigate variety! Poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that are illegally killed each year about 18.5 percent the. American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. As of 2014, about savanna. Artificially selecting for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations global scale illegal elephant poaching week and didnt see single. In exploring the living world an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations investigate a variety of biological phenomena animal... Phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and include opportunities to with! Elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 fewer... Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants exhibited an abnormally high of! Provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced requirements! Sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of time. See the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used animals would have changed drastically. Few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming but... Cell fractionation studies ratio of the film is available via our media player in this,! Their genes to the development of cancer students Use scientific evidence and reasoning to an.
