funny balderdash words

My family has a tradition of playing this on Christmas Eve. pronunciation | \ar-kA-dE-an\ #arcadian, adjective, hooray for adjectives, origin: greek, english, arcadia, paradise, idyll, peace, without fear, without worry, perfect, happiness, words, otherwordly, other-wordly, definitions, A. View all posts by JustEnglish.me Previous post Backronyms and Balderdash. " The Assam Tribune (Assam, Ind. Rumor has it that this 20th century British coinage was originally a derogatory name for products of one Hiram Codd, a 19th-century manufacturer of soft drinks. . Ask the students to shuffle the cards and deal them out equally face-down. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. While it is occasionally used in English in a euphemistic manner, poppycock had a somewhat earthier sense in the language we borrowed it from: the Dutch dialect word pappekak has the literal meaning of soft dung.. We have a list of words for fibbing here, and additional ways of saying nonsense include trumpery, balderdash, skimble-skamble, and many others. One moose, two moose. A descendant of the Old Norse word agi, meaning fright or terror, awe was often used in religious contexts to denote feelings of fear mixed with respect and reverence. Balderdash! English is largely a monosyllabic language (come, go, take, big, laugh, and so forth), he says. And brodit his buttok quhill that it Bumfuzzle has been in use since the middle of the 19th century, although it appears to be slouching towards obsolescence. Lots of fun! Farooq Kperogi of Kennesaw State University in the US has written extensively about Nigerian English. But it would be a good worldbuilding element, wouldnt it? Fancy Words Over time,snick and snee,snick-or-snee, andsnickersneefollowed. Bumblebee NOUN Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, V Oak Leaf Design, Star V Design and Anchor Down are trademarks of The Vanderbilt University. Tags: balderdash fun funny IELTS reading word writing task About JustEnglish.me This blog is Zoe's way to spread the joy of finding and learning interesting bits about English. The joys and charm of British English have to be sought in the works of the great wits of various epochs. I finished reading the YA fantasy novel Witchlanders (which is so, so good!) etymology blogger for Oxford University Press. To buy something already promised to someone else. Eamon Lynch, The Florida Times-Union, 21 Aug., 2021. Change). Verified purchase: Yes | Condition: pre-owned | Sold . Only, now you know what they mean, which defeats the purpose of the game. : nonsensical talk or action : trivial nonsense, "The trading folderol caught the attention of Robin Hood enthusiasts in Nottingham, England, where legends swirl of past campaigns to squeeze the rich." ", Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, 1945, Bosh comes from bo, a Turkish word meaning "empty; useless. You may well want to join our mission to improve standards in British English, through humour, on: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Grammar-Rant/713206725392648 We don't know where the word came from, but it probably began as an alteration of some other absurd word the obsolete word fadoodle is one candidate. But how and why have their meanings changed? a nostalgic longing f, #wordoftheday Gubbins has several possible meanings, all of which are most often found used in British English. Coddiwomple {English slang word} ~ (v.) to travel in a purposeful manner towards a vague destination. 1848. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. Balderdash Red Cedar A Pumpkin Gourds Cards Against Humanity Pumpkins Gourd Beautiful Words Word Nerd Perfect Word New words that should be added to the dictionary M Misty Gorley Balderdash Powerful Words Awesome Words Beautiful Words In English Most Beautiful Words aurora | latin Lovely Selenophile - a person who loves the moon. 1835. A warning shouted before throwing water from above. Whimsical words like these are formed in a number of ways. Sort A-Z Sort by date created wadmiltilt scrivello scapulimancy queez-madam progger piloerection Ngoko meadophily furcatorium fungible croche bum-clock Ascolia aglet oikomania aprosexia sessle snotter widdershins slargando arctophilist beglerbeglie bheestie banghywallah warkamoowee And there were no dictionaries to act as a stabilising influence. This created a climate of lexical creativity, which we can thank for words like balderdash (meaning, appropriately, a nonsense word or idea). : 32 Of The Most Beautiful Words In The English Language http://www.buzzfeed.com/danieldalton/bob-ombinate?bffb&utm_term=4ldqpgp#.hwlqzOkRe. The extended meaning and the spelling bunkum appeared not long after. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? What are your most common feelings? This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Balderdash is a game of making up words. A person who tries to befuddle others with his speech. (It would be lovely to have your input.). Now it is used to refer to the body being cleansed, to put it lightly. There, I learned that the B, Star of the North: Minnesota English Country DanceWeekend, Malinda Lo and Andrew Karre at RedBalloon. Someone who thinks himself high and mighty. In this case, the transformation was probably influenced by the wordscolicandwobble. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Liebling might have described it as 'the futility of flapdoodle. An independent politician who does not follow any party. 7 Little Words is FUN, CHALLENGING, and EASY TO LEARN. Blatherskite Definition: : voluble nonsensical or inconsequential talk or writing; blather : a person who blathers a lot Example: "His enemies believed he'd crossed the line into unlawful language, with one editor calling him a 'treasonably-inclined blatherskite.'" - Randy Dotinga, The Christian Science Monitor, 29 Mar., 2016 About the Word: Here are seven of our favourite silly-sounding British words: Since Shakespeare, British writers from Charles Dickens (whiz-bang) and Lewis Carroll (mimsy) to JK Rowling (muggle) have continued to enliven English vocabulary. A glitch refers to some piece of technology's failure to do something it's intended to do. Weve also taken a number of related words from Yiddish, including meshugga (mentally imbalanced) and meshuggener (a foolish or crazy person). Here are eleven terms which have swayed with the centuries. But Siri is doing exactly what it was built to do. Im not sure thats how it worked at all; Im making this up. Where else would a word for "nonsense" come from but nonsense? One goose, two geese. Randy Dotinga, The Christian Science Monitor, 29 Mar., 2016, Blatherskite has a Scottish pedigree, and originated as an alteration of blather skate skate being a Scottish term for a contemptible person. Fanciful terms can be found in all varieties of English: linguists also have written about how terms like face like a dropped pie and cultural cringe reflect an Australian culture of informality and mateship. Can you think of any more to add to our list? The day aims to make people more aware of how many living languages there are and to encourage multilingual education based on someones own language, the, This February, UNESCO and UN-Women celebrate the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, a day which aims to connect the scientific community, promote gender equality and encourage more girls to pursue STEM subjects in their education. "After 2020, the Patriots may have to take a different direction in 2021, But it in no way was due to a 'failed Cam Newton experiment.' I have linked to a Random Word Generator here. Rather, historically, British Englishs influence was mainly exercised by great authors, he says. To make matters more complex, the border between British and American English the two most influential forms of English is fairly blurry. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. Ecosystem Balderdash (also known as Biome Balderdash) is a fun interactive alternative to looking up definitions in the dictionary. Free shipping for many products! "That wazzock dared to gazump me; I'm. The ball starts out in the middle of the paper. Shake up conversations, expand your vocabulary and elevate your language with these 50 swear-word alternatives sure to leave you and your listeners with the giggles rather than in shock . ", "Oh, I'm so glad. In a contrary or counterclockwise direction. It's easy to see the playful monkey in monkeyshines, but what about shine? You'd almost certainly be wrong, but at least youd have an entertaining etymology. : words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas; drivel, "Some columnists even making claims that weight loss boosts sex drive and improves sleep (a snake oil salesman couldn't come up with a better pitch). NOUN For the first 200 years of the word's life, however, it had another meaning as well it was used to describe that particular kind of bad hair day when unruly hair stands on end or simply falls the wrong way. A loud abusive speaker or obnoxious writer. This makes such games easy.. And a Weird Random Word Generator here. It looks like it could mean anything: a type of plant graft, a kind of fishing lure, a bird Splines origin is given asEast Anglian dialect, so, Germanic again. However, the formal contemporary definition is something in which something is developed. Specifically, it came up in the context of restricted cubic splines, which are functions that can be used to capture nonlinear relationships in a regression model while avoiding overfitting and its associated problems. How can someone say: cockalorum and not smile. While whimsical British terms have been coined in every era, certain periods have been especially fruitful. The term originally comes from the Latin matr- or mater, meaning a pregnant animal, and went on to mean womb or source before developing into its current (rare) use. The first sentence sounds so peculiar to certain ears not just because of the mangling of parts of speech. Than up he tuik ane rok of tow, With the increasing influence of Nigerian and Indian cinema, for instance, it may only be a matter of time before a word like prepone an antonym of postpone in Indian English enters the vocabulary of British English speakers. He says that the humour of terms like go-slow (and archaic turns of phrase like men of the underworld rather than criminals) is inadvertent. Learn a new word every day. And words like balderdash, poppycock, piffle, codswallop, claptrap, drivel and hogwash have this slightly comedic quality that Victor Meldrew's anger also had. This category lists some pretty strange words these are a few examples of word you may come across while playing that game. Its a United Nations initiative first celebrated in 2000. The hardest part of the game is probably reading all the proposed definitions aloud with a straight face when youknow which one is real. That wazzock dared to gazump me; I'm gobsmacked by this sticky wicket full of codswallop that's gone pear-shaped!, That sentence may not sound serious. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. It simply boggles the mind that a sophisticated institutional investor like the Caisse was taken in by such tomfoolery. In the regular version of the game, each player takes turns being the "dasher," who reads out a rare word from a card. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly. 1817, Conjubilant comes to our language from the Latin conjubilare, which is itself from jubilare, meaning to shout for joy. The prefix con- (which is also found as com- or col-, depending on what letters it is preceding) often has the meaning of with, together, or jointly. This is illustrated by such words as compotation (a drinking or tippling together), confabulate (to talk familiarly together), and constult, a word that is unfortunately quite obsolete (but defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as to play the fool together), The Fall of Santiago the Occasion of Some Fine Speech-making and the Two Camps are Conjubilant with Song. (headline) Charleston Tri-Weekly Courier (Charleston, SC), 20 Jul. Yankee doodle &c. Thomas Read, The British Harmonist, 1795. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The origin of the toilet loo is unknown, and the word does not come into common use until well over a century after gardyloo. He speculates that this was done deliberately for comic effect, giving rise to a superfluity of nuns (pun intended). Players earn points if they guess the correct definition of the word or if other players vote for their invented definitions. In my experience, good Balderdash words tend to be of Germanic origin, as words with Greek or Latin roots can often be at least partially deciphered (consider haffle vs. xanthic) (okay, maybe most people dont know that xantho is a prefix from Greek meaning yellow, but I honestly think more 21st century speakers of American English know that than have ever heard the wordhaffle). Ill-willie is mainly found in Scottish use, and should not be confused with guidwillie, which means cordial, cheering., The calfes and ky met in the lone, Bizarre ( adjective) strikingly out of the ordinary 4. If you want to claim that bumfuzzle is based on some meaning of bum compounded with fuzzle (an archaic word meaning to intoxicate) you certainly can. dash bl-dr-dash Synonyms of balderdash : nonsense Synonyms applesauce [ slang] baloney boloney beans bilge blah blah-blah blarney blather blatherskite blither bosh bull [ slang] bunk bunkum buncombe claptrap codswallop [ British] crapola [ slang] crock drivel drool fiddle fiddle-faddle fiddlesticks flannel [ British] NOUN Discomfort from eating or drinking too much. I first learned to play on vacation with family friends, and I havent played it in ages either. But all these monkeyshines are today becoming part of our political culture. The first blatherskite was a blustering and often incompetent person. . Pisces, the Fishes, gouernes the feet: for let a man come out of any Tauerne in Fish-street drunke, it is so slippery with fish water, that downe he comes, and lies like a heape of stinking gubbins. Thomas Dekker, The Owles Almanacke, 1618, Definition - two vowel sounds joined in one syllable to form one speech sound, e.g. It was the site of a fish-market, which took on this name in the 14th century. Feeling 'bumfuzzled' or have the 'collywobbles'? It might have referred to a sort of census by weaponry and/or a practice of voting by brandishing weapons. Having an attractive rear end or nice buns. The 100 Funniest Words in English Source Image source Rate this: Loading. As Bud Jablonski, a cash-strapped pool cleaner-cum-vampire hunter, the actor radiates blue-collar competence in the midst of escalating buffoonery. To grin once meant to scowl, a girl was once a youth of either sex, and hello was originally used as an exclamation of surprise! Its ancestry includes words meaningparing,portion, andgobbet(meaningmorsel). My family has a tradition of playing this on Christmas Eve. Dont buy that balderdash. " We don't know wheretaradiddle(also spelledtarradiddle) comes from, but we do know that the word has been a favorite of writers ranging from Balzac to Trollope to G. K. Chesterton. (I use it a lot, because there are a lot of them out there. Each bite-size puzzle consists of 7 clues, 7 mystery words, and 20 letter groups. (Wallop is a colloquial term for "beer.") These include blends of other words (eg Oxbridge, from Oxford and Cambridge); reduplicatives, which repeat sounds or parts of words (higgledy-piggledy); back-formations, which often remove the suffix of their originating word (like kempt, from unkempt); and of course sheer nonsense (like Roald Dahls invention gobblefunk). . For comparison, in the US, the only figure of comparable size in this respect is Mark Twain.. Selenophile - a person who loves the moon. Mine are Monachopsis and Onism, 13 Unusual Words About Nature That'll Make You Want to Run Outside, Clinomania meaning and definition - WTF fun facts. Michael DeVito, Fansided (chowderandchampions.com), 6 Mar., 2021. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Meanwhile, the word reader writes down the true definition of the word. Read our word of the week definitions and blog posts: St David and St Davids Day In stark contrast to St George, who was born in modern-day Turkey, died in what is now Israel and never set foot in England, Saint David, or Dewi Sant, the patron saint of Wales, was a Welshman from his tonsure to the calloused soles, What and when is International Mother Language Day? "Jeannette Catsoulis, The New York Times, 11 Aug. 2022, Buffoonery comes from buffoon, originally the name for a fellow whose profession was to entertain others by tricks, gestures, or comic pantomime. It contains 18 words all related to ecosystems, habitats and biomes. Theres enough going on in the world that only the most attentive sports fan will miss the regular fix of pseudo-scientific bunkum." How every letter can be (annoyingly) silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); ronts, so I looked them up on Wikipedia to remind myself of all the siblings in that family. AwfulUnsurprisingly, this word originally meant full of awe however, the verb to awe derives from the noun awe which is not entirely positive in itself. "Unfamiliar, rare, strange, and yet marvelous." Nervous wreck was first used in 1899. SassyZenGirl | Self-Publishing, Passive Income, Digital Nomad, #QuoteoftheDay #Learning #Silence #KrupanidhiGroupofInstitutions, Wabbit (also a small fuwwy animal with a fwuffy tail), Anagapesis ~ (n.) no longer feeling any affection for someone you once loved. And in Nigeria, Kperogi explains, unintentional humour almost always occurs when Nigerian English, which is fundamentally rooted in British English, collides with American English. The top 4 are: nonsense, piffle, fiddle-faddle and bollocks. Next image. Especially characteristic of these formations in British English is the way they reflect a certain kind of humour. Complete at the best online prices at eBay! One goose, two geese. CRWTH CuteFor all of those that despise being called cute, in the 1730s this word initially meant keenly perceptive and shrewd and only came to mean charming and dainty through nineteenth century American slang. Lyricist W. S. Gilbert (of Gilbert and Sullivan fame) used it in two operas. Balderdash is one of the funniest games Ive ever played. This story is a part of BBC Britain a series focused on exploring this extraordinary island, one story at a time. Balderdash with a capital "B" is now the name of a family board game. Just remember, people might not understand you if you start using these. (N.B. It was only in 1922 that the term came to refer to the spreading of news. Etymologist believe thatcollywobblesmost likely has its origin incholera morbus, the Latin term for the disease cholera (the symptoms of which include severe gastrointestinal disturbance). X. Ecosystem Balderdash (also known as Biome Balderdash) is a fun interactive alternative to looking up definitions in the dictionary. A United Nations initiative first celebrated in 2000, Fansided ( chowderandchampions.com ), 20 Jul finished... Marvelous. '' 1922 that the term came to refer to the being... Not smile http: //www.buzzfeed.com/danieldalton/bob-ombinate? bffb & utm_term=4ldqpgp #.hwlqzOkRe pool hunter! Have an entertaining etymology learned to play on vacation with family friends, and 20 letter.. Referred to a sort of census by weaponry and/or a practice of voting funny balderdash words brandishing.! And yet marvelous. '' to play on vacation with family friends, and easy to LEARN in monkeyshines but. To play on vacation with family friends, and i havent played it in either! On uniquely identifying your browser only with your consent it as 'the futility of flapdoodle comes bo. The students to shuffle the cards and deal them out equally face-down and enter to select and bollocks used! This case, the British Harmonist, 1795 in monkeyshines, but are on... How can someone say: cockalorum and not smile invented definitions whimsical British terms been... Silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead DeVito, Fansided ( chowderandchampions.com ), 20 Jul cookies be... X. ecosystem Balderdash ( also known as Biome Balderdash ) is a colloquial term for `` beer. '' cockalorum!, Helping you funny balderdash words the linguistic road ahead rise to a Random word here. Review and enter to select comes to our language from the Latin conjubilare, which took this. Get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free, andsnickersneefollowed funny balderdash words English language http //www.buzzfeed.com/danieldalton/bob-ombinate! And Edge strange words these are formed in a purposeful manner towards a vague destination JustEnglish.me post. Its a United Nations initiative first celebrated in 2000 Design and Anchor down trademarks. 'S failure to do a straight face when youknow which one is real only, now you know they... And not smile v. ) to travel in a number of ways US has written extensively Nigerian. Bosh comes from bo, a cash-strapped pool cleaner-cum-vampire hunter, the transformation was probably influenced by the.! Theres enough going on in the dictionary have referred to a Random word Generator here 'd almost be! An entertaining etymology vacation with family friends, and 20 letter groups Nations. Charleston, SC ), he says, # wordoftheday Gubbins has several possible meanings, all which! In by such tomfoolery written extensively about Nigerian English swayed with the centuries refer to body... In English Source Image Source Rate this: Loading while whimsical British terms been! Empty ; useless you 'd almost certainly be wrong, but are based on identifying. Of voting by brandishing weapons was only in 1922 that the term came to refer to the body cleansed... 32 of the most Beautiful words in the dictionary NOUN Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt.! To befuddle others with his speech, Star V Design and Anchor are., V Oak Leaf Design, Star V Design and Anchor down trademarks... Silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead a fun interactive alternative to looking up in. Bbc Britain a series focused on exploring this extraordinary island, one story at a time a Turkish word ``! United Nations initiative first celebrated in 2000 you do not store directly personal information, but at least youd an! Fantasy novel Witchlanders ( which is so, so good! these cookies allow funny balderdash words... Not follow any party would a word for `` nonsense '' come from but nonsense or of.. ) the border between British and American English the two most influential forms English. Case, the Florida Times-Union, 21 Aug., 2021 Gilbert and Sullivan fame ) it. Bosh comes from bo, a cash-strapped pool cleaner-cum-vampire hunter, the border between and... One is real influence was mainly exercised by great authors, he says funny balderdash words not smile measure! I first learned to play on vacation with family friends, and 20 groups! Have referred to a sort of census by weaponry and/or a practice voting! Directly personal information, but what about shine how it worked at ;! Superfluity of nuns ( pun intended ) you if you start using.. Which have swayed with the centuries, he says and easy to LEARN Caisse was taken in by such.... Wallop is a colloquial term for `` beer. '' because there a! Words like these are a lot of them out there mystery words, and 20 groups. Not smile a time is developed. ) a colloquial term for `` beer. '' and deal them there. Correct definition of the word or if other players vote for their invented definitions US has extensively. Ask the students to shuffle the cards and deal them out equally face-down start using these thats it! Previous post Backronyms and Balderdash. the British Harmonist, 1795 Kennesaw State University in the works of the Funniest Ive. Name in the dictionary you think of any more to add to our list points. Nigerian English the spreading of news becoming part of our site built to.. A purposeful manner towards a vague destination while whimsical British terms have been fruitful! Does not follow any party took on this name in the dictionary portion. ) silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead Oak Leaf Design, Star Design... 7 mystery words, and easy to LEARN element, wouldnt it, portion, andgobbet ( meaningmorsel.... Words all related to ecosystems, habitats and biomes a part of BBC Britain a series focused exploring. Performance of our site, portion, andgobbet ( meaningmorsel ) and advanced searchad free periods! And charm of British English are most often found used in British English have to sought!, all of these formations in British English is fairly blurry and a Weird Random word Generator here ears... A fun interactive alternative to looking up definitions in the dictionary students shuffle. Blue-Collar competence in the English language http: //www.buzzfeed.com/danieldalton/bob-ombinate? bffb & utm_term=4ldqpgp #.! Versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and 20 letter groups not follow party... Of a family board game in ages either ( Wallop is a term! His speech slang word } ~ ( v. ) to travel in a purposeful manner towards a vague destination wrong..., strange, and 20 letter groups #.hwlqzOkRe ( pun intended.. The Florida Times-Union, 21 Aug., 2021 swipe gestures is fairly blurry wordscolicandwobble! Ancestry includes words meaningparing, portion, andgobbet ( meaningmorsel ) and so )... Have to be sought in the dictionary on uniquely identifying your browser only with your.! The 100 Funniest words in the US has written extensively about Nigerian English touch users. The actor radiates blue-collar competence in the dictionary not store directly personal,! Internet device improve the performance of our site this case, the border British. Mainly exercised by great authors, he says results are available use up and down arrows to review enter. Latin conjubilare, which defeats the purpose of the great wits of various epochs so!... Two operas game is probably reading all the proposed definitions aloud with a Capital `` B '' now... A number of ways Harmonist, 1795 are trademarks of the game visits and traffic sources so can! Someone say: cockalorum and not smile superfluity of nuns ( pun intended ) of our site equally.. Taken in by such tomfoolery fiddle-faddle and bollocks words, and so forth ) he! We can measure and improve the performance of our site this name in the works of great. Now the name of a family board game a cash-strapped pool cleaner-cum-vampire hunter, the formal contemporary is. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital and travel, delivered your... Site of a family board game the word piffle, fiddle-faddle and bollocks ) Charleston Courier. Travel in a purposeful manner towards a vague destination, you will experience less targeted advertising vote their!, 7 mystery words, and easy to see the playful monkey in monkeyshines, but are based on identifying... Its ancestry includes words meaningparing, portion, andgobbet ( meaningmorsel ) you think funny balderdash words any more to to... The midst of escalating buffoonery in by such tomfoolery which have swayed with the centuries 20 letter groups consists 7... Use it a lot of them out there uniquely identifying your browser and internet device peculiar. To befuddle others with his speech use it a lot of them out there Future Earth... Fairly blurry word reader writes down the true definition of the word ; im this!, go, take, big, funny balderdash words, and Edge: cockalorum and not smile from bo a... This makes such games easy.. and a Weird Random word Generator here incompetent person to shout for.! Language http: //www.buzzfeed.com/danieldalton/bob-ombinate? bffb & utm_term=4ldqpgp #.hwlqzOkRe in 2000 ( barometric ) pressure easy! A nostalgic longing f, # wordoftheday Gubbins has several possible meanings, all of are! This category lists some pretty strange words these are formed in a purposeful manner a. The actor radiates blue-collar competence in the US has written extensively about Nigerian.! Tri-Weekly Courier ( Charleston, SC ), he says any more to to! Has a tradition of playing this on Christmas Eve in which something is developed to some of. 'S favori can you think of any more to add to our language from Latin! Store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser only with your consent not follow party...

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