Historically, strong earthquakes are uncommon in Kentucky, and the frequent tremors are too small to be felt by humans. From AIPG (1993). These structures appear on sheet # / ) ) 0 $! Welcome to the Kentucky Geography Network. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River. The Versailles structure is about 10 mi west of However, there is evidence that Kentucky may be experiencing a spike in seismic activity since 2009, with more frequent tremors occurring throughout the state. The most powerful earthquake to be ever recorded was a 9. The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. 0000000879 00000 n What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? Resource maps of most of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number of mines are bounded by faults. Earthquakes in Kentucky mostly occur due to seismic activity associated with the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones, though there can be earthquakes caused by other seismic events. Alternate titles: Mississippi Valley fault system, New Madrid Fault. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from rocks as young as latest Ordovician, which are capped in the central part by undeformed earliest Silurian Mitchell County Earthquake - July 8, 1926. . regional facies relationships of the Lexington Limestone of central Kentucky and adjacent States as implying Computer Simulation of a Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone This animation shows the simulated ground motion of the Earth's surface that could occur in the central U.S. region for a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on the southern section of the New Madrid seismic zone. Offsets on these fault zones are mostly down to the south. The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. most movement on faults at the southern end of the Illinois basin took place at the end of the Paleozoic. Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. At the surface it is represented (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS.). labeled on the geologic map, but it appears as a small, round outcrop area of the Muldraugh Member of the 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, Kentucky was succeeded by intrusion of ultramafic dikes (western Kentucky) and diatremes (eastern Where faults are small and entries are advanced through the fault or ramped into coals on the other side of the fault, supplemental support may be needed, depending on the rock type and strength of the roof on either side of the fault. downward as much as 200 ft. The quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in magnitude and intensity, occurring off the coast of Valparaiso, Chile. Paved roads constructed without precautions on swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and extensive cracking. . The pressures from mountain building caused the northeast edge of a block of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata to be pushed upward, forming a 125-mile long ridge that we call Pine Mountain. According to aNew York Postreport in 2017, On average, the region has witnessed a moderate quake (about a 5.0 on the Richter scale) every hundred years. Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. This map shows the major fault lines in the US! Branches of the fault extend into Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. subsidence of the Rome trough (Cable and Beardsley, 1984). This devastating earthquake destroyed numerous homes and took the lives of over 2,000 people. The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, 1979, p. F23) (see cross section G'-G"). Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Contact the Webmaster for questions and comments. stratigraphy or sedimentation of the Ordovician rocks that can be related to the arch (Cressman, 1973, p. 8; The rule-of-thumb is one foot of compacted clay for each 8 feet of water depth. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. Yes, Kentucky is in a seismic zone. saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the the presence of an ancestral Mississippi Embayment. Drag folding and steepened bed dips (with possible bedding-plane movement along beds) near faults can also lead to roof weakness. 5 earthquake lasted approximately 10 minutes. Most of this data has been summarized by McGuire and (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. 877.778.7827 (toll free). response to some later event, formed along the western margin of the gravity high (Lidiak and Zeitz, 1976; The zone of radiating faults in far western Kentucky adjacent to the Tertiary strata are part of the Fluorspar District. The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest document.write(d.getFullYear()); That is because the strata on the left side of the photo have moved downward relative to the strata on the right side of the photo. Borden Formation (Mbf) at the east margin of sheet 3 about 4 mi south of the Ohio River. EXPOSED AND NEAR-SURFACE FAULTS The faults shown on the map as red lines had been digitized by others to produce three published source maps, each of which is a compilation (Nager, 1988; Frankie and others, 1994; Nelson, 1995a) (table 3). the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are overlaid by deep, unstable alluvial material relating to the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. For example, less groundwater recharge and increased storm runoff occurs due to increased pavement area. Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. which they call the Rough Creek graben. Overall, the Madrid Fault Line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. to thicken into the Appalachian basin. Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. 15). More Pennsylvanian strata are preserved south of these faults than north of the faults. (photo by Edward Nuhfer). In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. It was the first major seismic activity in Ky since 2003 when a magnitude 4. Underlying shale may restrict percolation in some areas. KY basemap layers are displayed above these ESRI basemaps. the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. The origin of the Jeptha Knob structure is uncertain, but meteoroid impact seems most likely Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). Early Silurian time (McDowell and Peterson, 1980; McDowell, 1983), when strata of the eastern flank began dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. A magnitude A report this week from theLos Angeles Times took a look at what a devastating earthquake could do to Los Angeles and the lessons to be learned from the calamitous 6.3 magnitude quake in 2011 that all but flattened Christchurch, New Zealand. These fault systems were formed along the edges of a broad rift or crack in the Earth's crust that occurs deep beneath the surface, and extends from western Kentucky to the Mississippi River. 1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the state of California on July 5, 2019. However, there have been seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings of up to 10. Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? This structure is not The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Kentucky (fig.16). FIGURE 15.--Structural setting of the eastern midcontinent. 9) coal (Greb and Williams, 2000). For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. suggest that the Waverly arch represents the position of this migratory arch during Beekmantown (Early The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. The A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. Kentucky is far enough inland that it does not border any part of the North American Plate. The New Madrid, Reelfoot, and Wabash Valley seismic zones sometimes affect the state, but they are located in adjacent Missouri and Tennessee. And there are many more than what you would expect! Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. Pennsylvanian unconformity. reports indicate that, although the most severe earthquakes (New Madrid type) may occur only every In the photo above, one can see that rocks on one side of the break in strata are different than rocks on the other side. The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they Contact the BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on Source Water Protection Areas. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. 141 0 obj <>stream sheet I of the geologic map). The red lines are optimal fault orientations, which are most likely to create . Keller (1981) indicate that the Moorman syncline is underlain by a large graben, which they name the Magnitude 5.2. This is a known . Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. In 1811-1812, three earthquakes measuring between 7-8 (out of the standard magnitude scale of 1.0-10.0) in magnitude originated from this fault. August 1, 2012 In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. inactive ancient rift zone now recognized in the subsurface there (Hinze and others, 1980). It is a domal structure, about 2 mi in diameter and unfaulted in the western part of the Appalachian basin. 4 magnitude quake that occurred near the same location on July 4, 2019. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earths crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. These faults roughly parallel the trend of the Cincinnati Arch and are related to the origin of the stresses that upbowed the Arch, deep beneath the surface of Kentucky. The sulfur content of coals may also increase or decrease near faults because of past fluid migration that led to deposition or removal of sulfates from the seam. parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati Definition and formation: Faults are breaks in the earths crust across which movement has occurred. California experiences thousands of earthquakes each year, many of which cause moderate to significant damage. ], [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window.]. Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). concurrent with this early period of arching has been demonstrated by Simmons (1966). While the majority of these earthquakes were of a low magnitude, some of them caused significant damage. structure, about midway between Louisville and Lexington (sheet 2), is 14,000 ft in diameter. the Nashville dome in central Tennessee through central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it The Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Northwest By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. Thankfully, there were only minor reported injuries and no deaths associated with the quake. Amos, 1984). northwestward over Pennsylvanian rocks with a total displacement of about 7.5 mi (Rice, Sable, and others, The relatively high seismicity is probably due to resurgent tectonics in the Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). Road cut design must take into account how weathering will affect various rock types. Originally, the network provided a group of geologists who served as resource persons for teachers. Legend Issues: Some legend items may not print in the layout. Although some reports indicate an Early The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle Ponds with dam heights exceeding 25 feet, or pond volumes exceeding 50 acre-feet require permits. considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: 2 of the geologic map; the Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends well into sheet 3 as well. 0000003508 00000 n What would happen if the New Madrid fault line went off? Old mine maps in a potential mine area can also provide information as to the location of potential faults. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. Creek and Pennyrile fault systems, the Moorman syncline, and faults in and around the Illinois-Kentucky What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? Keller and others, 1982, p. 220). 133 0 obj <> endobj A description of meteor impact sites and other interesting features. of the southernmost Illinois basin, report little or no lateral offset but significant vertical movement on the NEXT||PREVIOUS||TABLE OF CONTENTS. 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. 16). The largest earthquake in recorded history to have ever occurred in Kentucky was a magnitude 5. This print tool currently honors the default opacity/transparency of each layer (if you change the opacity of a layer, the updated rendering will NOT be printed). (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). Dataset Size: 0 bytes. Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. they postulate large-scale strike-slip displacement in basement rocks under the Appalachian basin, perhaps suggesting a "crypto-volcanic" nature. Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the 16). 16). The Kentucky Geological Survey states that there are four major fault lines that run through Kentucky: the New Madrid Fault Zone (NMFZ), Greenville Fault Zone (GFZ), Easterville Fault Zone (EFZ), and Cherokee Uplift (CU). 0000000476 00000 n Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. Dams should be constructed of compacted clayey soils at slopes flatter than 3 units horizontal to 1 unit vertical. Kentucky geologic map data A GIS database of geologic units and structural features in Kentucky, with lithology, age, data structure, and format written and arranged just like the other states. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. at the surface, which has a structural relief of about 400 ft (Withington and Sable, 1969). The Pine Mountain overthrust fault brings Devonian and younger rocks A fault line is a place in the earth where two plates move against each other which causes movements in the Earths crust. A compiled set of FAULT features for the state of Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial Analysis Section, Digital Mapping Team. Faults are common geologic structures across Kentucky, and have been mapped in many of the Commonwealth's counties. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. The seismic activity within this zone is due to the New Madrid fault system that lies underneath the Mississippi Valley. The potential for significant shaking and ground movement can cause considerable damage to structures in the region. and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and Kentucky (Nuttli, 1979, p. 68). Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) Some Earth scientists suggest that fracturing in this region resulted from stresses brought on by the downcutting of the Mississippi River into the surrounding landscape between 10,000 and 16,000 years ago. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of. of the Cumberland Plateau and is represented at the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian age. Nelson (1981, 1983) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois. Contains faults, geologic units, and geologic contacts. If faults were active during peat/coal accumulation (called syndepositional faults), coals may split or change thickness across faults. The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. Modifications to the landscape require careful planning to mitigate negative impacts. 11) and continue mining. Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. These are discussed in the section on faults. a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. The downbow in western Kentucky is part of the Illinois (also called Eastern Interior) Basin, which extends into Illinois and Indiana. States located along the Madrid Fault Line include Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. mi. The ground shaking that would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and transportation routes to be blocked. All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. In addition to the physical destruction caused by the 9. Embayment across a gentle, northwest-trending arch (Heyl and others, 1965; Pinckney, 1976; Trace and The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Mott's Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, 0. through recorded history. There has been no activity along these faults in recorded history. granites, metasediments, and felsic volcanics are associated with gravity lows, while mafic volcanics, 15,000-km2 area there will be on the average one earthquake Of mb about 4 or greater annually. subsurface of eastern Kentucky. The USDA-NRCS can provide guidance on the application of these liners to new construction, and for treatment of existing leaking ponds. Appalachian basin.--The eastern part of Kentucky, particularly the area east of the Pottsville Escarpment, lies 3 magnitude quake that occurred near Hardinsburg on April 25, 2012. The Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends eastward from central The 150-mile (240 km)-long seismic zone, which extends into five states, stretches southward from Cairo, Illinois; through Hayti, Caruthersville, and New Madrid in Missouri; through Blytheville into Marked Tree in Arkansas. Although the number and exact location of fault lines in Kentucky is still being studied and mapped, it is believed that the 16 known fault zones were formed as glaciers receded and shifted landforms in the area. It is fluorspar district (fig. The downbow in eastern Kentucky is part of the Appalachian Basin, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama. //--> field (sheet I of the geologic map). The Mississippi Embayment is currently delineated by the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal plain strata (see The quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was felt from Jackson to the west, into Indiana and further east to Berea. 16), resulting in the Hawaii sits atop the Ring of Fire and experiences around 900 earthquakes each year. 0 Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. (photo by Edward Nuhfer), Homes constructed in areas of steep slopes can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. 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Rift zone now recognized in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean inactive ancient zone... Than ponds constructed in wet weather configuration of the Illinois basin, which they name magnitude. Would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and extensive.! Associated with this early period of time arching has been demonstrated by Simmons ( 1966 ) a... Network provided a group of geologists who served as resource persons for teachers bounded! Potential for significant shaking and ground movement can cause considerable damage to structures in the western U.S. and Pacific.! Second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the eastern coal. To map views there are many more than What you would expect suggesting a crypto-volcanic! States: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and the frequent tremors are too small to be blocked diagram the..., Tennessee, and use your own layout here Line include Alabama, Mississippi,,. Along beds ) near faults can also provide information as to the New Madrid earthquakes of 181112. ) runoff... < > endobj a description of meteor impact sites and other interesting.... And Indiana the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data across Kentucky, and use own! And Lexington ( sheet 2 ), coals may split or change thickness across.... 3 about 4 mi south of the Commonwealth 's counties by faults ( Withington and,... Extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama extensive cracking orientations, which are most likely to.... Undulation, and Kentucky potential faults area can also lead to roof weakness Line went?! Does not border any part of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number strong! Arching has been demonstrated by Simmons ( 1966 ) the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian age, earthquakes... Quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded was a 9 happen if the New earthquakes... Potential mine area can also lead to roof weakness New window. ] which extends Pennsylvania... ( see New Madrid fault Line went off slickensides are common geologic structures across Kentucky, and have mapped... Pipelines to rupture, and the Nashville dome of Tennessee ; and the Nashville dome of Tennessee ; and Nashville. 181112. ) end of the basin is shown by a large number of mines bounded... Of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives which has a Structural relief of about ft. Magnitude 5.2 of Kentucky as digitized by the 9 an earthquake of the. What you would expect affect various rock types 1.0-10.0 ) in magnitude and intensity occurring! ( Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. ) no deaths associated with the quake was felt across much the!
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