With tensions peaking, hundreds of Pandit families began their journey out of the Valley. Swamy's remarks come in the midst of a controversy over the movie 'The Kashmir On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting [41], In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful. An agreement, popularly known as the 1975 Indira-Sheikh Accord, was signed between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. They dream of returning to their old wooden homes surrounded by chinar trees and ringed by snow-capped mountains. Approximately 2,17,000 Pandits still live in abysmal conditions in Jammu with families of five to six people often huddled into a small room. Several Hindu temples and houses were targeted in the city. The Pakistani military and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) are said to have provided weapons, training, and logistical support to the JKLF. Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities. 1,168-crore package in 2008 by the UPA government. Asia, Central Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. [ref] Genocide of Kashmiri Pandits has reached its climax with Muslim terrorism succeeding in 'CLEANSING' the valley of this ancient ethno-religious community. What is a whip in a state Assembly or Parliament? [11][12] Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. Today, Tickoo says there are fewer than 3,400 Pandits in Kashmir. 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JKLF targeted a Kashmiri Hindu for the first time on 14 September 1989, when they killed Tika Lal Taploo, a lawyer and a prominent leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Jammu and Kashmir, in front of several eyewitnesses. During the period of Sun hid behind the clouds and the darkness found its way throughout the daylight. She write read more, Copyright 2023 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Why Haryana sarpanches are protesting against e-tenders for infra works, Rupert Murdoch testifies Fox anchors endorsed claims of Biden stealing 2020 polls: What he said, significance. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. At first Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), the founding leader of Jamat opposed direct involvement as it would destroy the organization and open it to Indian assault by security forces. Ripples of the move were seen in Kashmir as well. Just $5 a month. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. [56][57] They were distributed into the two districts of Valley, the Baramulla district, where Hindus constituted 2.1 percent of the population; 12,919 Hindus out of 612,428 total. The day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal indigenous people that represented a civilisation that was more than 5,000 years old. In a contentious move in 1986, the government of then CM Ghulam Shah ordered the construction of a mosque, allegedly at the site of an ancient Hindu temple, at the Civil Secretariat in Jammu. Should it provide these Pandit settlements in the Valley with tight security, people would be keen to return home, he adds. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. What did the government of India do when Kashmiri Pundits were driven away from their homes in Kashmir? Why didt they prevent it? Because they did We are a group of patriots who love our motherland - Bharat Mata! One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. Raising the issue later during Zero Hour, BJP member Sunil Kumar Singh demanded that the government start a probe into the "large scale atrocities" committed on Hindus and Sikhs in Kashmir from 1980 to 1990, especially in the period between 1984 to 1989 when Rajiv Gandhi was the prime minister, and culprits be punished. The flight continued until 2000. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. Jammu, UPDATED: Oct 8, 2021 18:18 IST. [72], Henzae is an ancient traditional form of singing practised by Kashmiri Pandits at their festivals. An Indian paramilitary soldier takes a selfie as Kashmiri Hindu devotees known as pandits offer prayers during the annual festival at the Kheer Bhawani temple in Tul Mul, outskirts of Srinagar, India, June 20, 2018. Instead, the notorious governor said that if the Pandits decided to leave, refugee camps had been set up for them and the departing civil servants would be continued to be paid their salaries. In a door-to-door mission, Hindu homes were attacked, families killed, and many women raped by militants. "We cannot go back in the conditions prevailing in Kashmir. They believe that Kashmiri Muslims, with whom they had lived amicably for centuries, drove them out with a vengeance in a frenzy of Islamism that they could not have imagined even months earlier. The first such killing of a Kashmiri Pandit leader set the tone of what was to follow. In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. Many fell into disrepair. On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting civilians on the Gawkadal bridge in Srinagar, killing about 50 Kashmiri Muslims as per estimates. Muslims argue that by arranging for buses to transport Pandits out of the Valley, Jagmohan facilitated their flight, paving the way for the Indian security forces to launch an all-out military offensive against Muslims. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. A number of such errors mar Agnihotri's film, which has been called out for its communal bias. In February 1990 the month after the exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits, Amanullah Khan told an interviewer, Yes, it was [a long-term plan]it had to be well It laid down measures for the integration of Jammu and Kashmir to India, ensuring that it will continue to be governed under Article 370 of the Constitution, which gave the state an autonomous status as a constituent of India. [58] and the Anantnag district, where they were 7.84 percent of the population. The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. This article is protected. I've heard cases. Exodus came with a night-long hysteria. It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. WebThe day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. Read | Kashmiri Pandits observe Holocaust Day to mark 30 years of mass exodus from Valley. For impactful stories you just cant miss, By subscribing you agree to our Privacy Policy. Matters came to a head on the night of January 19, 1990. Singh to appoint Jagmohan as the governor of the state. [19] The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (13891413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. In exchange for Rubaiya, five JKLF associates were freed from jails. [67][failed verification] The shrine is located in Tullamulla village, 24km from Srinagar in Ganderbal district. Those who had means rebuilt their lives elsewhere in the country Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and Ahmedabad have Pandit populations, also Jaipur and Lucknow or went abroad. The Pandits insist that they will return to the Valley only when they are able to determine that the situation is conducive to their safety. Much has changed in Jammu and Kashmir. This gentleman in Kashmir is giving Burnol moments to Shehla Rashid, Rana Ayub & their ilk by posting daily irrefutable video proofs from Srinagar. A large number settled in the Jammu Division of the State and the National Capital Region of India. Track Latest News Live on NDTV.com and get news updates from India and around the world. Anantnag, the constituency of then Congress leader Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, bore the brunt of the violence. The debate surrounding the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited following the release of a film on it -- 'The Kashmir Files'. Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. Asia, South [53], Panun Kashmir has made demands for a separate homeland for the community in the southern part of Kashmir. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. Further, the film shows that Al-Safa carried a threat commanding Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley before the night of the exodus 'Al-Safa, Pandit dafa,' a child holding the newspaper recites in the movie. Many Pandits, especially the youth, feel little emotional or cultural connect to their Kashmiri heritage and homeland. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. The mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits began. The government should set up self-contained townships exclusively for returning Pandits, Dhar says. Antagonism over the Russia-Ukraine war has left G-20 host India in the unenviable position of trying to reconcile clearly irreconcilable differences. As the BJP continues to promise that Kashmiri Pandits will return, and #HumWapasJayenge trends on social media, Kashmiri Muslims also see the return of Pandits as essential, but reject the idea of their settlement in secured camps as a replication of Israel-like Jewish settlements in the West Bank. [9][60] What do we know about him? However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim. 22 Mar 2022. [59], Scholar Christopher Snedden states that the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Kashmir Valley's population in 1947. [47], There are zones set up with offices for relief. It is 30 years since the exodus from the Valley of its minority Hindu Kashmiri Pandit community. A Kashmiri Pandit fact-checks The Kashmir Files In an EXCLUSIVE interview to SabrangIndia's Karuna John, KPSS Chief Sanjay Tickoo recalls events as they truly unfolded and not as they have been depicted in the movie 22 Mar 2022 In addition, there are hundreds of families living in government tenements in Purkhoo on the outskirts of Jammu, in Nagrota and in Muthi. 4000+ stories. The rigged election of 1987 after which Abdullah formed the government was a turning point at which militants took the upper hand. Asia, Asia Following the communal riots, Governor Jagmohan dismissed the Gul Shah government; Farooq Abdullah was subsequently re-installed as chief minister. [15], A historically contested region, Northern India was subject to attack from Turkic and Arab regimes from the eighth century onwards, but they generally ignored the mountain-circled Kashmir Valley in favour of easier pickings elsewhere. However, these offers have failed to elicit much of a response. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. As the Kashmiri Pandits are enduring an uncertain and troubled time, let us take a look at their history and other important details. Speeches were made extolling Pakistan and the supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism. Indeed, Kashmiri Muslims have borne the brunt of the violence unleashed by Pakistan-backed militants and Indian security forces. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. For instance, it suggests that a threat asking Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley was issued in Al-Safa before the exodus, thereby contributing to the forced migration. WebThe Exodus It was 19 th of January, 1990 and days were cold and nights bitter, though there was no snow on the ground. (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. He announced that if they chose to stay back, he would not be able to guarantee their safety. "[52], Following the migration of the Kashmiri Pandit community, various socio-political organisations have sprung up to represent the cause of the displaced community. They have now become refugees in their own country. The first day of the governor's rule, 19 January 1990, saw the darkest night in the history of the Kashmiri Pandit Exodus. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. Most Popular. The published threat, however, came nearly three months after one of the darkest nights in Jammu and Kashmir 19 January 1990 observed as the Exodus Day by the Kashmiri Hindu community. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. The deadly attack on security forces in Indian Kashmir has Kashmiris in the rest of India afraid for their safety. Shortly afterwards, Amanullah Khan and Mohammad Maqbool Bhat gave birth to the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1977, whose goal was to work towards the 'liberation' of Kashmir from India and Pakistan. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. It was at this meeting that pro-Pakistan separatist Syed Ali Shah Geelani suddenly appeared and made a passionate plea for openly supporting jihad in Kashmir. The fleeing Pandits did not think they would never return to the Valley. In his address to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, Yoon Suk-yeol said Japan has transformed into a partner sharing common values. In 1986, as opposition to the Shah government grew, Rajiv Gandhi resurrected Farooq Abdullah, who became CM once again. [71] Frederick J. Simoons says that according to some reports, Kashmiri Pandits also consume fish as part of their diet. Pandits are apprehensive that they will be targeted by Islamists if they return home. The kidnappers demanded the release of five of their members in exchange for Rubaiya's release. Sheikh Abdullah had died in 1982, and the leadership of the National Conference passed on to his son Farooq Abdullah, who won the 1983 election. But within two years, the Centre broke up the NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister. It marked a shift in the motivations behind the militancy in Kashmir hitherto driven primarily be a separatist sentiment, it now took a more communal colour and moved towards jihad. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. Threats from Islamist militants in the Valley forced around 70,000 Pandit families comprising over 350,000 women, men, and children to flee their homes in the weeks and months that followed. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Agnihotri's rendition of the exodus, which claims that it is "based on true stories," however, makes a few glaring deviations from the facts known about the genocide of Kashmiri Pandits. Foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the central government. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. Kashmir was in ferment. According to a J&K government report, 219 members of the community had been killed in the region between 1989 and 2004 but none thereafter. [49][50][51], The Jammu And Kashmir Migrant Immovable Property (Preservation, Protection And Restraint on Distress Sales) Act, 1997, provides that "Any person who is an unauthorised occupant or recipient of any usufruct of any immovable property of the migrant shall pay to the migrant such compensation for the period of unauthorised occupation and in such a manner as may be determined by the District Magistrate. Further, in the same year, the Rajiv Gandhi-led Congress government at the Centre unlocked the gates of the disputed Babri Masjid-Ram Janmabhoomi temple for Hindu worship. While they were left unharmed for the most part, terror groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba massacred Pandits at Sangrampora (1997), Wandhama (1998), and Nandimarg (2003). He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Hit lists of Pandits were in circulation. WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits Ghulam Mohammad Shah came into power after snatching the position from his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah and became Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. [54] Ikkjutt Jammu, a political party in Jammu and Kashmir, advocates for two Union Territories in Kashmir, one being Panun Kashmir for Kashmiri Hindus. This decision had helped catalyse the Kashmir genocide's bloody 1990s chapter. The truth, many commentators have concluded, may have been somewhere in the middle. Money, Tokyo The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. [24][25][26], The Kashmiri Pandits had been a favoured section of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (18461947). What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their lives in the violence that engulfed the region. Defense, China The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) stepped up its activities, and the hanging of the militant leader Maqbool Bhat in 1984 added to the sense of foreboding. On January 21, the CRPF gunned down 160 Kashmiri Muslim protesters at the Gawkadal Bridge, which has come to be known as the worst massacre in the long history of the conflict in Kashmir. Hindu community native to the Kashmir Valley, Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, List of Jammu and Kashmir related articles, "30 years on, return to homeland eludes Kashmiri Pandits", "Survival is now our Politics: Kashmiri Hindu community identity and the Politics of Homeland", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir", Kashmiri Pandits offered three choices by Radical Islamists, "25 years after exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley, questions over return remain", "BBC World Service | World Agenda - Give me land", "23 years on, Kashmiri Pandits remain refugees in their own nation - Rediff.com India News", Senate Joint Resolution 23, 75th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY2009 Regular Session, "Front Page: "219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir Kashmir: The forgotten conflict", "399 Pandits killed since 1990 KPSS Lastupdate:- Mon, 20 Jun 2011 18:30:00 GMT", "The tragedy of Kashmiri Pandits (Part IV)", "Only 1 Pandit family returned to Valley in 25 years", "When will we finally return home, ask displaced Kashmiri Pandits", "Kashmiri pandit team to visit valley to negotiate for peace", "Forget Delimitation; Divide Kashmir; Grant Statehood to Jammu: IkkJutt Jammu", Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Parts I & II (1943), Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Part III (1943), "Cabinet approves the proposal to provide State Government jobs and transit accommodations in the Kashmir Valley for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri migrants", "Gangbal yatra to commence after 100 yrs in Kashmir", "Kheer Bhawani Temple | District Ganderbal, Government of Jammu and Kashmir", "Valley divide impacts Kashmiri, pandit youth switch to devnagari", "Hindu Muslim unity depicted at Mata Khirbhawani temple in Kashmir", "Anupam Kher to work for Empowerment of Kashmiri Pandit Community", Panun Kashmir: A Homeland for Kashmiri Pandits, 'God of Small Things,' Travelogue in The Indian Express, 5 March 2006, by Arjun Razdan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmiri_Pandits&oldid=1138786638, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with empty sections from March 2020, Articles with failed verification from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 16:26. Habibullah wrote he also appealed to Jagmohan that he telecast an appeal to Pandits that they stay in Kashmir, assuring their safety on the basis of the assurance of the Anantnag residents. WebThe Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". He asked Kashmiri Muslims to make Pandits feel more secure. He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. [10], According to Indian government, more than 60,000 families are registered as Kashmiri migrants including some Sikh and Muslim families. Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins)[7] are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. According to accounts published by many eminent Kashmiri Pandits, there were threatening slogans over loudspeakers from mosques, and on the streets. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. Happy Editing! [17], The Brahmins had something to be particularly unhappy about during the reign of the last Lohara king, for Shadeva chose to include them in his system of onerous taxation, whereas previously they appear to have been exempted. The security situation along the India-Pakistan border remains of great concern. Historical India is an opensource community based project dedicated to the history of Greater India. More than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits migrated during the period of few weeks in 1990. Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. In this exclusive interview, he recalls the events as they truly unfolded and not how they have been over dramatised and presented in the film The Kashmir Files which, he fears, aims That changed in 1989-90. [23], D.L. The 19th of January, 2020 marks the 30th anniversary of the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times.
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